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Although pain is widely recognized by clinicians and researchers as an experience, pain is always felt in a patient-specific way rather than experienced for what it objectively is, making perceived meaning important in the study of pain. The book contributors explain why meaning is important in the way that pain is felt and promote the integration of quantitative and qualitative methods to study meanings of pain. For the first time in a book, the study of the meanings of pain is given the attention it deserves. All pain research and medicine inevitably have to negotiate how pain is perceived, how meanings of pain can be described within the fabric of a person’s life and neurophysiology, what factors mediate them, how they interact and change over time, and how the relationship between patient, researcher, and clinician might be understood in terms of meaning. Though meanings of pain are not intensively studied in contemporary pain research or thoroughly described as part of clinical assessment, no pain researcher or clinician can avoid asking questions about how pain is perceived or the types of data and scientific methods relevant in discovering the answers.

Pain. --- Aches --- Emotions --- Pleasure --- Senses and sensation --- Symptoms --- Analgesia --- Suffering --- Neurosciences. --- Pain Medicine. --- Phenomenology . --- Psychology, clinical. --- Phenomenology. --- Clinical Psychology. --- Philosophy, Modern --- Medicine --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system --- Algiatry --- Pain medicine. --- Clinical psychology. --- Psychiatry --- Psychology, Applied --- Psychological tests

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The essays in this book, written by researchers from both humanities and sciences, describe various theoretical and experimental approaches to adding medical ethics to a machine in medical settings. Medical machines are in close proximity with human beings, and getting closer: with patients who are in vulnerable states of health, who have disabilities of various kinds, with the very young or very old, and with medical professionals. In such contexts, machines are undertaking important medical tasks that require emotional sensitivity, knowledge of medical codes, human dignity, and privacy. As machine technology advances, ethical concerns become more urgent: should medical machines be programmed to follow a code of medical ethics? What theory or theories should constrain medical machine conduct? What design features are required? Should machines share responsibility with humans for the ethical consequences of medical actions? How ought clinical relationships involving machines to be modeled? Is a capacity for empathy and emotion detection necessary? What about consciousness? This collection is the first book to address these 21st-century concerns.

Engineering. --- Robotics and Automation. --- Ethics. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Health Psychology. --- Neurosciences. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Psychology, clinical. --- Ingénierie --- Neurosciences --- Morale --- Intelligence artificielle --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Mechanical Engineering - General --- Medical ethics. --- Medical instruments and apparatus. --- Medical technology. --- Apparatus, Medical --- Instruments, Medical --- Medical apparatus --- Medical devices --- Medical products --- Medicine --- Biomedical ethics --- Clinical ethics --- Ethics, Medical --- Health care ethics --- Medical care --- Health care technology --- Health technology --- Apparatus --- Equipment and supplies --- Instruments --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Robotics. --- Automation. --- Health psychology. --- Biomedical engineering --- Medical supplies --- Scientific apparatus and instruments --- Technology --- Bioethics --- Professional ethics --- Nursing ethics --- Social medicine --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Morals --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Philosophy --- Values --- Health psychology --- Health psychology, Clinical --- Psychology, Clinical health --- Psychology, Health --- Salutogenesis --- Clinical psychology --- Medicine and psychology --- Automatic factories --- Automatic production --- Computer control --- Engineering cybernetics --- Factories --- Industrial engineering --- Mechanization --- Assembly-line methods --- Automatic control --- Automatic machinery --- CAD/CAM systems --- Robotics --- Automation

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